Class X Pol.Sc.Ch-3 Democracy and Diversity
1.What
did the African American athlete do in order to draw international attention to
Black poverty in the Mexico Olympics?
Ans.A. Johan Carlos and Tommie Smith of US were Black Americans.
B. They were similar and but different from Peter Norm an who was white from Australia.
C. But they were all athlete who stood up against racial discrimination.
2.Give example to prove that social divisions of one kind or another exist in most of countries.
Ans.A. India is famous for its diversity.
B. Even the Muslim countries are divided in to shias and Sunnis.
C. Countries like Germany and Sweden which are considered homogeneous societies are undergoing rapid change because of migration fr om other parts of world. Thus social division exists in all parts of the world.
3.Give examples of people belonging to different social groups sharing differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of countries.
Ans.A. Johan Carlos and Tommie Smith of US were Black Americans.
B. They were similar and but different from Peter Norman who was white from Australia.
C. But they were all athlete who stood up against racial discrimination.
4.Explain the main problem of Northern Ireland.
Ans.A. The main problem was between Catholics and Protestants of Ireland.
B. In North Ireland Protestants were 53 and Catholics were 44%.
C. This ethnic divided became a political divided when Catholic were represented by Nationalist parties.
D. Protestants were represented by Unionists.
E. Violent clashes were started between them.
5.Explain with examples different forms of social diversity.
Ans.A. The social differences can be overlapping and cross -cutting in nature.
B. The differences between Blacks and whites become a social division when blacks are found to be poor, racially discriminated and homeless.
C. If social difference cross cut one another it is difficult for groups to get pitted against one another. Example, In Netherlands, class and region cross cut each other. Catholics and Protestants are equally rich or poor in that country.
6.Do you think that social divisions are always dangerous? Explain.
Ans.A. Every social difference does not lead to social division. Also social divisions are not always dangerous.
B. Social differences divide similar people from one another, but they also unite very different people. People belonging to different soc ial groups share differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of their groups.
C. People belonging to the same religion to feel that they do not belong to the same community because their caste or sect is very different. It is also possible for people from different religion to have the same caste and feel close to each other.
D. Rich and poor persons from the same family do not keep close relation with each other for they feel they are very different.
E. Thus we all have more than one identity and can belong to more than one social group.
7.In a democracy every expression of social division in politics is not disastrous”. Establish the truth of the statement.
Ans.A. At first sight it would appear that the combination of politics and social divisions is very dangerous and explosive.
B. But social division of one kind or another exist in most countries of the world. Wherever they exist, these divisions are reflected in politics.
C. Democracy involves completion among various politic al parties tends to divide any society. But it is not always disastrous.
D. In a democracy political expression of social divis ion is very normal and can be healthy. This allows various disadvantages and marg inal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend t o these.
E. Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often results in their cancelling one another out and thus reducing their intensity. This leads to strengthening of a democracy.
8.Describe the idea of overlapping differences with examples.
Ans.A. Over lapping differences includes when some social differences overlaps with other differences.
B. Situation of this kind produce social divisions, when one kind of social differences becomes more important than the other and people st art feeling that they belong to different communities.
C. In our country Dalits tend to be poor and landless and often face injustice and discrimination.
9.Describe the idea of cross cutting differences with examples.
Ans.A. If social differences cross-cut one another, it is difficult to pi group of people against the other.
B. It means those groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be on different sides on a different issue.
C. Cross cutting difference are easier to accommodate.
10.Explain the negative impact of social division on politics.
Ans.A. Democracy involves completion among various political parties. Their competition tends to divide any society.
B. If they start competing in terms of some existing social divisions, it can make social divisions into political divisions and led to confl ict violence or even disintegration of a country.
C. For example-Northern Ireland of the United Kingdom e have been for many years the sites of a violent and bitter ethno political conflict.
11.Explain the positive impact of social division on politics.
Ans.A. Every expression of social division in politics doe s not lead to disasters.
B. Social divisions of some or the other kind do exist in every society of the world and are reflected in politics.
C. In democracy it is only natural that political part ies would talk about these divisions, make different promises to different com munities, look after due representation of various communities and policies to redress the grievance of disadvantages communities.
12.. Do all social differences lead to social divisions?
Ans.No, all social differences do not lead to divisions . Social divisions of some or the other kind do exist in every society of the world and are reflected in politics. In Democracy it is only natural that political parties talk of these divisions, make different promises to different communities, look after due representation of various communities and make polices to redress the grievances of disadvantaged communities.
13.How have social divisions resulted in a violent and bitter ethno political conflict in Northern Ireland?
Ans.A. Northern Ireland of the United Kingdom has been for many years the site of a violent and bitter ethno-political conflict.
B. Its population is divided into major sects of Chris tianity. 53% population is of Protestants and 44% population is of Catholics.
C. This ethnic divided became a political divided when Catholic were represented by Nationalist parties who demanded that Northern Irel and be unified with the republic of Ireland, a predominant Catholic country .
D. Protestants were represented by Unionists who wanted to remain with UK, which is predominant Protestants.
14.Overlapping social differences and cross cutting of differences create social divisions. Explain.
Ans.The social diversity can take different forms in different societies. A. Social division takes place when some social differ ence overlapped with other differences.
B. Situation of this point produce social division, when one kind of social difference becomes more important when the other and people st art feeling that they belong to different community.
C. The difference between the blacks and whites become s a social division in the US because the blacks tend to be poor, homeless and di scriminated against.
D. If social differences crosscut one anther it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other.
E. It means the groups who share a common interest on one issue are likely to be indifferent sides on a different issue.
F. Overlapping social differences create possibility of deep social division and tension while cross cutting differences are easier to accommodate.
15.How far is it correct to say that social divisions exist only in big countries like India?
Ans.A. Social divisions of one kind or another exist in mo st countries. It does not matter whether the country is small or big.
B. India is vast country with many communities. Belgium is a small country with many communities.
C. Even those countries such as Germany and Sweden that were once highly homogeneous are going rapid change with influx of people from other parts of the world.
D. Migrants bring with them their own culture and tend to form a different social community.
E. In this sense most countries of the world are multi -cultural and having social division.
16.. “The outcome of politics of social divisions depend s on how people perceive their identities”. Explain the statement.
Ans.A. The combination of politics and social division is very dangerous and explosive. In democracy many political parties exist. They may te nd to divide the society. The social divisions developing into political division s may lead to conflicts, violence and even disintegration of the country. B. At the same time all social divisions in politics d o not lead to conflict. In a democratic society it is natural that political par ties would talk about these divisions and make different promises to different communities. Social division affects voting in different communities.
17.Who was the leader of the civil Rights Movement in USA? Explain the importance of this movement.
Ans.A. Martin Luther King Junior was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
B. The movement refers to a set of events and reforms. It aimed at abolishing legal racial discrimination against African Americans.
C. The movement practiced non violent methods of civil disobedience against racially discriminatory law and practice.
18.Explain the causes of social division.
Ans.A. Social divisions of one kind or another exist in mo st countries of the world.
B. Social differences are mostly based on accident of birth. Normally we don’t choose to belong to our community. We belong to it simply because we were born into it.
C. Some of the differences are based on our choice. Most of us choose what to study, which occupation to take up.
19.Discuss the role of political parties in the determination of the outcomes of social division.
Ans.A. The outcome depends on how leaders of political par ties raise the demand of any community.
B. It is easier to accommodate demands of that are wit hin the constitutional framework.
C. They are not at the cost of another community.
D. For example, the demand for only Sinhala was at the cost of the interest and identity of the Tamil community of Sri Lanka.
E. In Yugoslavia the leaders of different ethnic communities presented their demands in such a way that these could not be accommodated wit hin a single country.
20.“We all have more and one identity and can belong to more than one social group”. Support the statement with suitable example.
Ans.A. We have different identities in different context.
B. We all have more than one identity or multiple identities. For example at home. At school, in the village or city, in the nation.
C. At school we are students, class monitor, head boy or girl, sports captain and house captain.
D. At home we are son or daughter, brother or sister.
E. We can have an identity by birth and by choice also . For example a person may be male or female. He or she believes in God or not.
Ans.A. Johan Carlos and Tommie Smith of US were Black Americans.
B. They were similar and but different from Peter Norm an who was white from Australia.
C. But they were all athlete who stood up against racial discrimination.
2.Give example to prove that social divisions of one kind or another exist in most of countries.
Ans.A. India is famous for its diversity.
B. Even the Muslim countries are divided in to shias and Sunnis.
C. Countries like Germany and Sweden which are considered homogeneous societies are undergoing rapid change because of migration fr om other parts of world. Thus social division exists in all parts of the world.
3.Give examples of people belonging to different social groups sharing differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of countries.
Ans.A. Johan Carlos and Tommie Smith of US were Black Americans.
B. They were similar and but different from Peter Norman who was white from Australia.
C. But they were all athlete who stood up against racial discrimination.
4.Explain the main problem of Northern Ireland.
Ans.A. The main problem was between Catholics and Protestants of Ireland.
B. In North Ireland Protestants were 53 and Catholics were 44%.
C. This ethnic divided became a political divided when Catholic were represented by Nationalist parties.
D. Protestants were represented by Unionists.
E. Violent clashes were started between them.
5.Explain with examples different forms of social diversity.
Ans.A. The social differences can be overlapping and cross -cutting in nature.
B. The differences between Blacks and whites become a social division when blacks are found to be poor, racially discriminated and homeless.
C. If social difference cross cut one another it is difficult for groups to get pitted against one another. Example, In Netherlands, class and region cross cut each other. Catholics and Protestants are equally rich or poor in that country.
6.Do you think that social divisions are always dangerous? Explain.
Ans.A. Every social difference does not lead to social division. Also social divisions are not always dangerous.
B. Social differences divide similar people from one another, but they also unite very different people. People belonging to different soc ial groups share differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of their groups.
C. People belonging to the same religion to feel that they do not belong to the same community because their caste or sect is very different. It is also possible for people from different religion to have the same caste and feel close to each other.
D. Rich and poor persons from the same family do not keep close relation with each other for they feel they are very different.
E. Thus we all have more than one identity and can belong to more than one social group.
7.In a democracy every expression of social division in politics is not disastrous”. Establish the truth of the statement.
Ans.A. At first sight it would appear that the combination of politics and social divisions is very dangerous and explosive.
B. But social division of one kind or another exist in most countries of the world. Wherever they exist, these divisions are reflected in politics.
C. Democracy involves completion among various politic al parties tends to divide any society. But it is not always disastrous.
D. In a democracy political expression of social divis ion is very normal and can be healthy. This allows various disadvantages and marg inal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend t o these.
E. Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often results in their cancelling one another out and thus reducing their intensity. This leads to strengthening of a democracy.
8.Describe the idea of overlapping differences with examples.
Ans.A. Over lapping differences includes when some social differences overlaps with other differences.
B. Situation of this kind produce social divisions, when one kind of social differences becomes more important than the other and people st art feeling that they belong to different communities.
C. In our country Dalits tend to be poor and landless and often face injustice and discrimination.
9.Describe the idea of cross cutting differences with examples.
Ans.A. If social differences cross-cut one another, it is difficult to pi group of people against the other.
B. It means those groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be on different sides on a different issue.
C. Cross cutting difference are easier to accommodate.
10.Explain the negative impact of social division on politics.
Ans.A. Democracy involves completion among various political parties. Their competition tends to divide any society.
B. If they start competing in terms of some existing social divisions, it can make social divisions into political divisions and led to confl ict violence or even disintegration of a country.
C. For example-Northern Ireland of the United Kingdom e have been for many years the sites of a violent and bitter ethno political conflict.
11.Explain the positive impact of social division on politics.
Ans.A. Every expression of social division in politics doe s not lead to disasters.
B. Social divisions of some or the other kind do exist in every society of the world and are reflected in politics.
C. In democracy it is only natural that political part ies would talk about these divisions, make different promises to different com munities, look after due representation of various communities and policies to redress the grievance of disadvantages communities.
12.. Do all social differences lead to social divisions?
Ans.No, all social differences do not lead to divisions . Social divisions of some or the other kind do exist in every society of the world and are reflected in politics. In Democracy it is only natural that political parties talk of these divisions, make different promises to different communities, look after due representation of various communities and make polices to redress the grievances of disadvantaged communities.
13.How have social divisions resulted in a violent and bitter ethno political conflict in Northern Ireland?
Ans.A. Northern Ireland of the United Kingdom has been for many years the site of a violent and bitter ethno-political conflict.
B. Its population is divided into major sects of Chris tianity. 53% population is of Protestants and 44% population is of Catholics.
C. This ethnic divided became a political divided when Catholic were represented by Nationalist parties who demanded that Northern Irel and be unified with the republic of Ireland, a predominant Catholic country .
D. Protestants were represented by Unionists who wanted to remain with UK, which is predominant Protestants.
14.Overlapping social differences and cross cutting of differences create social divisions. Explain.
Ans.The social diversity can take different forms in different societies. A. Social division takes place when some social differ ence overlapped with other differences.
B. Situation of this point produce social division, when one kind of social difference becomes more important when the other and people st art feeling that they belong to different community.
C. The difference between the blacks and whites become s a social division in the US because the blacks tend to be poor, homeless and di scriminated against.
D. If social differences crosscut one anther it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other.
E. It means the groups who share a common interest on one issue are likely to be indifferent sides on a different issue.
F. Overlapping social differences create possibility of deep social division and tension while cross cutting differences are easier to accommodate.
15.How far is it correct to say that social divisions exist only in big countries like India?
Ans.A. Social divisions of one kind or another exist in mo st countries. It does not matter whether the country is small or big.
B. India is vast country with many communities. Belgium is a small country with many communities.
C. Even those countries such as Germany and Sweden that were once highly homogeneous are going rapid change with influx of people from other parts of the world.
D. Migrants bring with them their own culture and tend to form a different social community.
E. In this sense most countries of the world are multi -cultural and having social division.
16.. “The outcome of politics of social divisions depend s on how people perceive their identities”. Explain the statement.
Ans.A. The combination of politics and social division is very dangerous and explosive. In democracy many political parties exist. They may te nd to divide the society. The social divisions developing into political division s may lead to conflicts, violence and even disintegration of the country. B. At the same time all social divisions in politics d o not lead to conflict. In a democratic society it is natural that political par ties would talk about these divisions and make different promises to different communities. Social division affects voting in different communities.
17.Who was the leader of the civil Rights Movement in USA? Explain the importance of this movement.
Ans.A. Martin Luther King Junior was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
B. The movement refers to a set of events and reforms. It aimed at abolishing legal racial discrimination against African Americans.
C. The movement practiced non violent methods of civil disobedience against racially discriminatory law and practice.
18.Explain the causes of social division.
Ans.A. Social divisions of one kind or another exist in mo st countries of the world.
B. Social differences are mostly based on accident of birth. Normally we don’t choose to belong to our community. We belong to it simply because we were born into it.
C. Some of the differences are based on our choice. Most of us choose what to study, which occupation to take up.
19.Discuss the role of political parties in the determination of the outcomes of social division.
Ans.A. The outcome depends on how leaders of political par ties raise the demand of any community.
B. It is easier to accommodate demands of that are wit hin the constitutional framework.
C. They are not at the cost of another community.
D. For example, the demand for only Sinhala was at the cost of the interest and identity of the Tamil community of Sri Lanka.
E. In Yugoslavia the leaders of different ethnic communities presented their demands in such a way that these could not be accommodated wit hin a single country.
20.“We all have more and one identity and can belong to more than one social group”. Support the statement with suitable example.
Ans.A. We have different identities in different context.
B. We all have more than one identity or multiple identities. For example at home. At school, in the village or city, in the nation.
C. At school we are students, class monitor, head boy or girl, sports captain and house captain.
D. At home we are son or daughter, brother or sister.
E. We can have an identity by birth and by choice also . For example a person may be male or female. He or she believes in God or not.
