Class X Pol.Sc. Ch-2 'FEDERALISM'

Class X Pol.Sc. Ch-2 'Federalism'

Q. 1  What is Gram Panchayat?

Ans. It is a council consisting of several ward members, often called panch and a president or a sarpanch.

Q. 2. .  What is a Panchayat Samiti?

Ans. A few gram panchayats are grouped together to form a panchayat Samiti or Block or a Mandal.

Q . 3.  Who is a Mayor?

Ans. A Mayor is an elected Chairperson of the Municipal Corporation.

Q. 4.  Mention any four features of the federalism.

Ans. 

1. The power is divided between a central authority and its various constituent units.

2. Different tiers of government govern the same citizens.

3. The fundamental provisions of the government cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government.

4. It has a dual objective, i.e., to safeguard and promote the unity of the country, and also to accommodate the regional diversity.

Q. 5 . Why were the linguistic states created? What are their advantages?

Ans. The Linguistic states were created to ensure that the people who spoke the same language lived in the same state.

1. It has made the country more united and stronger.

2. It has also made administration easier.

Q. 6. Mention any four difficulties of local government in India.

Ans.

1. Most states have not transferred significant powers to the local governments.

2. There is a shortage of resources.

3 .Elections are not held regularly.

4. Gram sabha are not held regularly.

Q. 7.  What is Gram Sabha? Mention its functions.

Ans . Every adult of the village who is 18 years of age constitute the Gram Sabha.

1. It is the decision making body of the entire village.

2. The village panchayat works under the supervision of the Gram Sabha.

3. It approves the annual budget of the Gram Panchayat.

Q. 8.  What is Panchayati Raj? What is its importance?

Ans. Rural local government is known as the Panchayati Raj.

1. It helps the people to directly participate in decision making.

2. It helps in the decentralization of power.

3 .It reduces the burden of the central government.

Q. 9.  Distinguish between coming together federation and holding together federation.

Ans. Coming Together federations

1. Under this independent states come together on their own to form a bigger unit.

2. Under this, all constituent states usually have equal power.

3. USA, Switzerland and Australia

Holding together federations

1. Under this, a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national government.

2. Under this central government tend to be more powerful.

3. India, Spain and Belgium.

Union List

1. It includes subjects of national importance. This list consists of 97 subjects. Most important among these are defence, atomic energy, foreign affairs, etc.

2. The parliament is solely empowered to enact laws on subjects included in the Union List.

State List

1. State list contains subjects of state and local importance such as police, trade. It has altogether 66 subjects.

2. The state legislature along can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List.

Concurrent List

1. It includes subjects of common interests to both the union government as well as the state government, such as, education, forests, trade unions, marriage, adoption and successions, press, etc.

2 .Both the union as well as state governments can make laws on the concurrent List subjects. But in case of a conflict between the central and states laws, central law prevails.

3. Distinguish between Federal form of government and Unitary form of government.

Federal form of government

1. Under the federal system there are two levels of government, one at the central level and other at the state level. Both levels have their areas of jurisdiction.

2. In federal system a state government has power of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government.

3. Central government cannot order the state government to do something.

Unitary form of government.

1. But in Unitary form of government either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government.

2. On the other hand in unitary system the state government does not have power of its own.

3. The central government can pass on orders to the local government.

Q. 10 . What is the importance or need for decentralization?

Ans. 

1. The basic idea behind decentralization is that there are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have a better knowledge of problems in their localities. They also have better ideas on where to spend money, and how to manage things more efficiently.

2. At the local level, it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Local government is the best way to realist one important principle of democracy, namely the local self government.

Nationalism in India-1 mark Questions

1	What provoked widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway on 10th April 1919 in Amritsar?	On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession.
2	When did Jallian walla Bagh incident take place?	On 13th April 1919.
3	What was the objective of Jallianwalla Bagh incident according to General Dyre?	To ‘produce a moral effect’ and  to create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe.
4	Why did Gandhi call off Rowlatt satyagraha?	After seeing the spread of violence in the streets- when the government responded with brutal repression (any one)
5	Why did Gandhi take up the Khilafat issue?	To bring Muslims and Hindus closer.
6	Name the leaders who organized Khilafat Movement.	Muhammad Ali, and Shaukat Ali,
7	Name the book written by Gandhiji in which he declared the reason for Non Coperation.	‘Hind Swaraj’ (1909)
8	When and where was the resolution on  Non-Cooperation adopted by the Congress?	At Nagpur in December 1920
9	Who organized the peasants movement in Awadh?	Baba Ramchandra
10	State any two demands of the peasants movement in Awadh.	Reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
11	Name the association set up in Awadh under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.	Oudh Kisan Sabha
12	Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju?	He was the  leader of the movement of tribal peasants of Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
13	What were the claims of Alluri Sitaram Raju?	Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people, and he could survive even bullet shots.
14	Give an example to prove that Alluri Sitaram Raju was inspired by Gandhiji.	He persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
15	State an important provision of Inland Emigration Act of 1859.		Under this Act plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission.
16	When did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw Non Cooperation Movement?	In February 1922.
17	Who formed the Swaraj Party/ When?	C. R. Dass and Moti Lal Nehru-1923
18	Why was Simon Commission appointed?	to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest changes.
19	Why was Simon Commission boycotted?	There was no Indian member in the Commission& no prospect of granting Swaraj to the Indians.
20	When did Lord Irwin, offer Dominion status for India?	In October 1929
21	Why did Lord Irwin, offer Dominion status for India?	To bring Simon Go back agitation to an end.
22	State an important decision of the Lahore session of the Congress in 1929.	Complete independence became the goal of the Congress.
23	Name the President of the Congress in 1929.	Jawaharlal Nehru
24	What was the most stirring demand of Gandhiji in the letter to the Viceroy sent on 31 January 1930?	To abolish the salt tax.
25	What marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement?	Salt satyagraha / Dandi march
26	State the provision of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact(1931)	Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference in London and the government agreed to release the political prisoners.
27	Why did not the rich peasant communities join the Civil Disobedience Movement when it was re-launched?	They were disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised.
29	What did the business class do to organize business interests?	They formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
30	Who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930?	Dr B.R. Ambedkar,
31	State an important provision of the Poona Pact of September 1932.	It gave the Depressed Classes reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils.
32	Who opposed the efforts to compromise the issue of representation at the All Parties Conference in 1928?	M.R. Jayakar of the Hindu Mahasabha
33	Who created the image of Bharat Matha first time?	Abanindranath Tagore.
34	Who wrote vande Matharam?	Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
35	Name the author of the book ‘Anandamath’.	Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
36	Who painted the famous image of Bharat Mata?	Abanindranath Tagore
37	Name the four volume collection of Tamil Folk tales of Natesa Sastri.	The Folklore of Southern India.
38	What did the eight Lotuses of the tricolour flag designed during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal represent?	Lotuses represented eight provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, represented Hindus and Muslims.
39	What did the spinning wheel at the centre of the swaraj flag, designed by Gandhiji in 1921 represent?	The Gandhian ideal of self-help.
40	What is meant by the word boycott?	The refusal to deal and associate with people, or participate in activities, or buy and use things; usually a form of protest
41	What is meant by the word Picket?	A form of demonstration or protest by which people block the entrance to a shop, factory or office

Class X History map items-Sept. Periodic Exam

SEPT. PERIODIC EXAM
 HISTORY MAP WORK

Location and labelling /Identification on outline Political Map of India:

(a) India National Congress sessions:

i) Calcutta(Sep,1920)

ii) Nagpur(Dec,1920)

iii) Madras(1927)

iv) Lahore(1929)

(b) Important Centres of Indian National Movement:

i) Champaran (Bihar)-1916            : Movement against oppressive plantation system

ii) Kheda(Gujarat) -1917                : Peasant Satyagraha for rates of revenue to be relaxed because                                                            crops had failed

iii) Ahmadabad(Gujarat) -1918    : Cotton Mill Workers Satyagraha

iv) Amritsar(Punjab)  -1919         : Jallianwala Bagh Incident

v) Chauri Chaura(UP)  -1922      : Calling off the Non Cooperation Movement(Feb 1922)

vi) Dandi(Gujarat) -1930            : Civil Disobedience Movement culminated at Dandi (Breaking of                                                            Salt   Law)

One mark Questions History Ch-2

	NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN INDO-CHINA
1	When did Indo-China get its formal independence?	1945
2	Name the countries comprising Indo-China.	Laos. Vietnam & Cambodia
3	Who were Khmer Cambodians ?	They were non-Vietnamese people lived in Vietnam.
4	What was the most visible form of French control in Indo-China?	military and economic domination
5	When did the French troops land in Vietnam?	1858
6	When was the French Indo-China formed?	1887
9	Why did the French consider that colonies were   essential?	To supply natural resources and other essential goods. To bring the benefits of civilization to backward people.
10	Who was Paul Bernard?	An influential writer and policy-maker
11	Why and when the Tonkin Free School was was started?	in 1907 to provide a Western style education
12	What were the subjects taught in Tonkin Free School?	science, hygiene and French
13	Name the school where a major protest erupted in 1926 in Vietnam.	The Saigon Native Girls School
14	Name the party and journal published in 1976 in Vietnam.	Party of Young Annan, and the journel the Annanese Student.
15	What was the cause of spreading ‘bubonic plague’s in Vietnam?	Sewage system in the city of Hanoi.
16	What was the innovative way to earn a bounty during the rat hunt?	Cut the tail of rat without killing, or raising rats.
17	Name the movement against French control and spread of Christianity in Vietnam in 1868	The Scholars Revolt in 1868
18	Name the two provinces where thousands of Catholics were killed during the Scholars Revolt in Vietnam	Ngu An and Ha Tien provinces
19	What is meant by Syncretism??	A tradition that  aims to bring together different beliefs and practices, seeing their essential unity rather than their difference
20	Name the movement that spread in Mekong delta area in 1939 in Vietnam.	Hoa Hao.
21	Who was the founder of Hoa Hao Movement?	The founder of Hoa Hao was a man called Huynh Phu