2 MARK QUESTIONS:
1.Why did the Indian think during British period that their
religion was in danger?
Ans. (i) Conservative Indians were
angered by the various social reforms initiated by the British. The abolition
of sati, legalizing of widow remarriages were regarded as unwanted interference
in Indian Social.
(ii)
Indian sentiments were also hurt
by the Christian Missionaries.
(iii)
In 1850, the
government passed the Hindu property law under which even after converting to
Christianity one could inherit one's ancestral
property.
(iv)
The people's
resentment was further fuelled by the Maulvis and Brahmins whose cry that their
respective religions were in danger cloaked their selfish interests as these
classes now lost their former importance.
2. What was the system of Subsidiary Alliance? How did it help the Britishers to consolidate their position in India?
Ans. The Subsidiary Alliance was a Boat of
agreement between the British and on Indian ruler on the basis of Mutual
understanding for performing administrative, military and political function.
Provisions of the Subsidiary Alliance:
(i)
The Indian
ruler accepting the Alliance would not enter into alliance with any other
power.
(ii)
Would not declare was against
any power without permission of the British.
(iii)
World allows the British
resident to stay in his state.
(iv) Would acknowledge the Britishers as the paramount power.
(v)
Would maintain some British
force at his own expense in his state.
(vi)
In return
for accepting all
these condition, the British would
protect the Indian
ruler from internal and external danger.
Advantages of the Subsidiary System to the
British.
(i)
The British were able to raise
army at the expense of the Indian rulers.
(ii)
They were able to raise army at
the expense of the Indian rulers.
(iii)
Successful in checking the
French.
(iv) Increased their control without waging
war.
(v)
Chances of revolts on the part
of Indian ruler were minimized.
3. “ A very high degree of Hindu Muslim
Unity was observed
in the 1857 revolt” Explain with example.
Ans. Unity of Hindus and Muslims : A very high degree
of Hindu Muslim
unity was reflected in the 1857 Revolt. There was
scarcely a man of either faith who did not show unity. An English man wrote,
"............................................................ the
infanticide Rajput, the bigoted Brahman, the
fanatic Mussulman and the luxury living, Martha
joined together in the cause. Cow killer and the cow worshipper, the pig hater and the pig
eater revolted jointly." Several Hindu rulers accepted Mughal emperor
Bahadur Shah as their leader. Bahadur Shah had many prominent
Hindu officers, who fought together against the
Britishers. In Awadh prominent leaders of the revolt belonged to both the
communities.
4. Analyse the causes
of the unrest
against the British
rule in India. or
"The revolt of 1857 came
as a culmination of popular
discontent with British
policies and exploitation, "In the light of the statement explain the reasons
of discontent of Indian people before 1857.
Ans. (i) Ruin of Indian economy
(ii)
Wealth drain from India
(iii)
Decay of Indian handcrafts
(iv) Dispossession of several Indian rulers from their kingdoms.
(v)
Discriminatory social policies
of the rulers.
(vi) Interference in religious affairs of the people of India
(vii)
Low salaries to
Indian Military personal as compared with their Europeur counterparts
(viii)
Arrogance of the English people.
5. Did the Revolt
of 1857 have
a popular character? Give reasons in support of your
answer.
Ans. Yes, it was a popular Revolt.
(i)
Participation by civilians.
(ii)
Common Symbol like chapatis and
Red Lotus
(iii)
Involvement of several regions
(iv) Hindu-Muslim unity.
(v)
Involvement of the local leaders
of different part of India.
6. Explain the causes
of the failure of the Revolt of 1857.
or
"The weaknesses of the Revolt
were deeper" Explain
why the Revolt
failed in spite
of some patriotic leaders.
Ans. (i) Lack of a common cause
(ii)
Lack of National consciousness
(iii)
Uncoordinated efforts
(iv) Absence of effective Leadership
(v)
Lack of Nation wide Dimensions
(vi) Loyalty of Several Rulers to the British
(vii)
Lack of Resources
(viii)
Lack of Good Generals
(ix) Regular supply of the British forces
(x)
The British Supremacy on the sea.
(xi) British Diplomacy.
(xii)
Hostility of several indigenous rulers.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
1.
Which Governor-General introduced the Subsidiary Alliance? Name the four major
powers accepting it.
Ans. Subsidiary alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley. Hyderabad, Awadh,
Mysore, Tanjore, Surat, etc were the four major powers who accepted it.
 |
2. Which English lady defended
herself bravely against
the Indian rebels in Kanpur?
Ans. Miss Wheeler defended herself bravely
against the Indian rebels in Kanpur.
|
3. Who was the last Nawab of Awadh? Where was he sent on Pension?
Ans. Wajid Ali Shah was last Nawab of Awadh. He
was sent to Calcutta on pension.
1.
What were the policies
and administrative causes
of the Revolt of 1857?
Ans. (a) Imperialist policy of the British administrators.
(b)
Doctrine of Lapse
(c)
Abolition of pensions and Titles.
(d)
Disrespect to the Mughal Emperor.
(e)
Annexation
of Awadh (f)Misuse of Subsidiary alliance.
Annexation
of Awadh (f)Misuse of Subsidiary alliance.
(Explain the points)
2. What were the causes of the failure of the 1857 Revolt?
Ans. (a) Breaking out before of the fixed date.
(b)
Co-operation of the native
states to the British.
(c)
Lack of co-operation from the Elite.
(d)
Limited
resources of the Rebels. (e)Absence of a common ideal.
(f) Diplomacy of the
British.
(Explain the points) |
3. Discuss the nature of revolt of 1857.
Ans. (a) Only a
Sepoy mutiny –
(i)
The main ground for the uprising
had been prepared by the soldiers.
(ii)
Important and immediate causes
of the revolt was the use of greased cartridges.
(iii)
The revolt did not spread
throughout the country.
(iv)
The revolt did not enjoy the
cooperation and support of the common people.
(b)
First war of Independence - Lakhs of artisans,
farmers and soldiers struggled united against the British rule.
(c)
Hindu and Muslim took actively
part in the movement.
(d)
The masses took
active part in the struggle against the British at almost all centres of
uprisings.
(e)
It had country wide presence.
1.
What were the social, economical religious and military
causes of 1857 revolt?
Ans. Economic Causes:
(a) Drain of wealth
(b)
Destruction of Indian industries, trade & commerce.
(c)
Exorbitant rate of land revenue.
(d)
Resumption of Inami or rent-free lands.
(e)
Unemployment and poverty among
the masses.
Social Causes:
(a) Maltreatment of
the Indians.
(b)
Interference in the social
life of Indians.
(c)
Spread of Western Education.
(d)
Propagation of Christianity.
Military
Causes:
(a) Unrest among the
Indian soldiers.
(b)
Increase ratio of Indian soldiers.
(c)
Faulty distribution of troops.
(d)
General Service Enlistment Act.
(e)
Greased cartridges.
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2.
How were the lives of forest dwellers
transformed in the 16th-17th centuries.?8
Ans.
(i). The business
encouraged forest clearance zamindars and jotedars turned uninitiated lands in
to rice fields to the British, extension of settled agriculture why necessary
to enlarge the sources of land revenue. produce crops for export and establish the
basis of a settled, ordered society.
(ii).
The British
saw forest people as savage
impurely and primitive
and difficult to govern, so they felt that the forest had to be
leaped settled agriculture established and forest people dammed civilized and persuaded to give up hunting and take to plough agriculture.
(iii). In the 1770s the British embarked on a brutal policy to
extermination, hunting the Paharia s down and killing them then by 1780s,
augustas Cleveland the collector of Bhagalpur purposed a policy of
polification. The Paharias chief were given an annual allowance and made responsible for the proper conduct of their man
(iv).
Some Paharia chief refused
the complains continued,
the Paharias withdraw
deep into the mountains insulting
themselves from Lositle
forces and carrying
on a war with the outbidders so when Buchanan
travelled through the region in the winter of 1880/1881,the Paharia naturally
viewed him with suspicion and distrust.
(v).
The Santhals
themselves were powering
into area, cleaning
forest, cutting down timber,
ploughing land and growing rice and cotton,this leades why Sindhus
Manjhi.
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3.
What explains the anger of the Deccan
ryots against the moneylenders?
Ans.(i). By 1830s prices
of agricultural products fell sharply.
(ii).
Decline in
peasant’s income revenue could rarely be paid without a loan from money
lenders.
(iii).
Ryots found difficult to pay it back, debt mounted.
(iv).
Ryots needed more loan to buy their everyday
needs.
(vi).
Petition after
petition, Ryots complained of the injustice of insensitiveness and the
violation of custom.
(vii).
The Ryots came to see the money lenders
as devious and deceitful.
(ix). Deeds and bonds
appeared as symbols
of the new oppressive system.
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